1.
Impact of dietary anthocyanins on systemic and vascular inflammation: Systematic review and meta-analysis on randomised clinical trials.
Fallah, AA, Sarmast, E, Fatehi, P, Jafari, T
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2020;135:110922
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Plain language summary
Low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to the development of various chronic conditions like diabetes mellitus type2, chronic kidney disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Anthocyanins, a member of the flavonoid family, are water-soluble pigments that give plants their red-orange to blue-violet colours and have been shown to have antioxidant properties. The aim of this review and meta-analysis of 32 randomised controlled trials was to evaluate the impact of pure anthocyanins or anthocyanin-rich extracts/powders on inflammatory markers. The quality of studies for the meta-analysis was high for the inflammatory markers CRP (C-reactive protein), IL-6, TNF-alpha, adiponectin, and VCAM-1. There was a significant reduction in the pro-inflammatory CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha and VCAM-1, and a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory adinopectin. Quality of studies was poor for other inflammatory markers evaluated. Higher doses tended to have a bigger positive effect. The authors conclude that anthocyanins may reduce inflammation.
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural bioactive compounds that have several health benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of dietary anthocyanins on markers of systemic and vascular inflammation. Meta-analysis of 32 randomised controlled trials indicated that dietary anthocyanins significantly decreased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; -0.33 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.11, P = 0.003), interleukin-6 (IL-6; -0.41 ρg/ml, 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.13, P = 0.004), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α; -0.64 ρg/ml, 95% CI: -1.18 to -0.09, P = 0.023), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (-52.4 ng/ml, 95% CI: -85.7 to -19.1, P = 0.002), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1; -49.6 ng/ml, 95% CI: -72.7 to -26.5, P < 0.001) while adiponectin level was significantly increased (0.75 μg/ml, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.26, P = 0.004). The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β; -0.45 ρg/ml, 95% CI: -3.77 to 2.88, P = 0.793) and P-selectin (-6.98 ng/ml, 95% CI: -18.1 to 4.15, P = 0.219) did not significantly change. Subgroup analyses showed that administration of higher doses of anthocyanins (>300 mg/day) significantly decreased levels of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and VCAM-1. The results indicate that dietary anthocyanins reduce the levels of systemic and vascular inflammation in the subjects.
2.
Applications of Cellulose-based Materials in Sustained Drug Delivery Systems.
Sun, B, Zhang, M, Shen, J, He, Z, Fatehi, P, Ni, Y
Current medicinal chemistry. 2019;(14):2485-2501
Abstract
Bio-compatible, bio-degradable, and bio-available excipients are of critical interest for drug delivery systems. Cellulose and its derivative-based excipients have been well studied due to their green/natural and unique encapsulation/binding properties. They are often used in controlled/sustained drug delivery systems. In these applications, cellulose and its derivatives function generally can modify the solubility/gelling behavior of drugs, resulting in different mechanisms for controlling the release profiles of drugs. In this paper, the current knowledge in the structure and chemistry of conventional cellulose derivatives, and their applications in drug delivery systems are briefly reviewed. The development of innovative cellulose-based materials, including micro-cellulose (MC) and nano-cellulose (NC) in the applications of sustained drug delivery, is also discussed.